View source for Manual:PAGENAMEE encoding/ja

<languages/>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">MediaWiki pages name encoding is a complicated topic.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">MediaWiki magic words {{ll|Help:Magic words#Page names|PAGENAME, PAGENAMEE, urlencode}} have distinct implementations, each with their own peculiarities.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A MediaWiki page name can have a leading space but not a trailing space.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The ASCII characters that are not allowed in MediaWiki page names are the three types of brackets, sharp sign, underscore and vertical bar, and all control characters (including tabs and newlines).</span>

: <code>#</code> <code>&lt;</code> <code>&gt;</code> <code>[</code> <code>]</code> <code>_</code> <code>{</code> <code>|</code> <code>}</code>

{{note|1=<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The underscore is not really disallowed, but is treated like a space without distinction in MediaWiki page names, so "A_B" and "A B" are referencing exactly the same page name (pages will be created, searched, and displayed (with their title) using spaces, never using underscores).</span>}}

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This article shall refer to these as the "not-allowed pagename characters".</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For clarity, we will present other ASCII 7-bit values for characters as the URL-style encoding of percent-hex-hex form known as [[w:Percent-encoding|percent-encoding]].</span>

== PAGENAME ==

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some allowed characters returned by {{magic word|code=1|PAGENAME}} are HTML-style encoded:</span>

* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><code>"</code> (double quote <code>%22</code>) is converted to <code>&amp;#34;</code> (34 is the decimal value of hexadecimal 22); in standard HTML/XML style it could also be converted to <code>&amp;quot;</code>.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><code>&</code> (ampersand <code>%26</code>) is converted to <code>&amp;#38;</code> (38 is the decimal value of hexadecimal 26); in standard HTML/XML style it could also be converted to <code>&amp;amp;</code></span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><code>'</code> (single quote <code>%27</code>) is converted to <code>&amp;#39;</code> (39 is the decimal value of hexadecimal 27); in standard HTML/XML style it could also be converted to <code>&amp;apos;</code></span>

: ''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This HTML/XML encoding is standard, even if the standard does not always requires escaping the single and double quotes except in few cases; the standard would also require reencoding the lower-than (<code>&lt;</code>) and greater-than (<code>&gt;</code>) signs but these two characters are forbidden in MediaWiki pagenames due to the syntax of the MediaWiki code used to compose pages.</span>''

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The same HTML-encoding is used also with:</span>

* <code><nowiki>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</nowiki></code>
* <code><nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}</nowiki></code>
* <code><nowiki>{{SUBPAGENAME}}</nowiki></code>
* <code><nowiki>{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}</nowiki></code>
* <code><nowiki>{{TALKPAGENAME}}</nowiki></code>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We will refer to these as the "''three special pagename characters''".</span>

== PAGENAMEE ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{magic word|code=1|PAGENAMEE}} converts spaces to underscore and percent-encodes a set of characters:</span>

* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It converts the 11 following ASCII characters (all allowed in pagenames):</span>
*:: <code>"</code> <code>%</code> <code>&</code> <code>'</code> <code>+</code> <code>=</code> <code>?</code> <code>\</code> <code>^</code> <code>`</code> <code>~</code>
*: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">to (using the '''hexadecimal''' representation of the ASCII encoding)</span>
*:: <code>%22</code> <code>%25</code> <code>%26</code> <code>%27</code> <code>%2B</code> <code>%3D</code> <code>%3F</code> <code>%5C</code> <code>%5E</code> <code>%60</code> <code>%7E</code>
*: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It also converts all non-ASCII (Unicode) characters also <code>%''nn''</code> triplets with ''nn'' in hexadecimal (one for each octet of the UTF-8 sequence encoding the Unicode code point associated to the character), the first triplet being between <code>%C2</code> and <code>%FD</code>, followed by one to three triplets between <code>%80</code> and <code>%BF</code> (for the worst case, it could generate 12 characters from a single Unicode character, most Latin, Cyrillic, Greek characters being encoded on 6 characters, but sinograms and Korean Hangul needing 9 on 6 characters).</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It converts the ASCII space (<code> </code>) into an underscore (<code>_</code>).</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It does '''not''' convert ASCII alphanumerics and the 13 following ASCII punctuations and symbols (all allowed in pagenames):</span>
*:: <code>!</code> <code>$</code> <code>(</code> <code>)</code> <code>*</code> <code>,</code> <code>-</code> <code>.</code> <code>/</code> <code>:</code> <code>;</code> <code>@</code> <code>_</code>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The same encoding is used also with:</span>

* <code><nowiki>{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</nowiki></code>
* <code><nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}</nowiki></code>
* <code><nowiki>{{SUBPAGENAMEE}}</nowiki></code>
* <code><nowiki>{{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}</nowiki></code>
* <code><nowiki>{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}</nowiki></code>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">When preparing a pagename for embedding in the "searchpart" of a URL (see {{IETF RFC|1738}} and/or {{IETF RFC|3986}}), it might have to be both percent-encoded and all space characters converted <code>%20</code> or plus sign <code>+</code> which we will call "searchpart-encoded".</span>

: ''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This avoids the problematic coding of the three special pagename characters by encoding, for instance, ampersand (<code>&</code>) as <code>%26</code>, but the typical searchpart-encoding of space is the plus sign (or sometimes as <code>%20</code>).</span>''

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If no MediaWiki string manipulation extensions exist, then <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE}}</nowiki></code> might only be useful for constructing a URL back into one's own wiki, to other wikis or to other sites where the page they provide use the same name and use underscores (there's no standard here, the encoding presented above was defined by MediaWiki itself for its own local use.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Do not assume that other sites will perform the same conversion, most of them just use plain UTF-8 in their own local URLs if they need to represent non-ASCII characters and standard URL-encoding for the "unsafe" ASCII characters).</span>

== urlencode ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The {{tmpl|0={{magic word|code=1|urlencode|$1<nowiki>|</nowiki>$2}}|''data''|''style''}} function (in its current version using now the "<code>QUERY</code>" style by default since MediaWiki 1.17) percent-encodes many more characters than PAGENAMEE.</span>

: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It can convert any valid input string from its native UTF-8 encoding.</span>
: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This function will also convert the 9 characters that are forbidden in pagenames and listed at top of page.</span>
: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It converts the "three special characters" differently than what is performed by <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki></code>, using <code>%nn</code> hexadecimal triplets, instead of HTML entities.</span>
: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It preserves the distinction between space and underscore (a distinction lost only in MediaWiki pagenames).</span>
: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The result is conforming to the {{IETF RFC|1738}} URL encoding standard, using only letters, digits and "safe" characters and the two characters <code>%</code> (followed by two hexadecimal digits) and <code>+</code> (to encode spaces).</span>
: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This result is fully and easily reversible, but MediaWiki does not natively provide a <code>urldecode</code> function to do it.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It can also be used to allow the Wikisource editor to work with multilingual characters they are accustomed to rather than deal with the more opaque percent-encoded characters.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">When considering using <code>urlencode</code> to construct an external link URL, especially within a template, there are two design style where that might be appropriate.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Which one is appropriate is a matter the trade-offs between generality and ease-of-use.</span>

* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For maximum generality, there is no simple combination of <code>PAGENAME</code> and other default wiki magic words to provide a general solution and to handle names that include all possible characters in pagenames.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The not-allowed pagename characters and the three special pagename characters both present issues.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If a desired name uses any of those characters, then the actual pagename would have to be different.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The most general design for a template would be a template with two parameters: a URL-style searchpart-encoded parameter for the URL link and an HTML-style parameter for the link label.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The URL-style parameter would be added to a search or lookup URL and the HTML-style parameter would be used to label the link.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For instance, a template called <code>OrgName</code> that looks up an organization by name with the unusual 10-character organization name of <code><nowiki>a%23b> {c}</nowiki></code> would call the template as <code><nowiki>{{OrgName|a%2523b%3E+%7Bc%7D|a%23b&amp;#62; &amp;#123;c&amp;#125;}}</nowiki></code>.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Variations on this might use <code>%20</code> instead of <code>+</code> in the URL-style parameter for space.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Another (but unrelated) escaping used in HTML or XML is to use <code>&amp;gt;</code> instead of &amp;#62; for the greater-than character in the HTML-style parameter or just the plain characters when they work OK.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">To be rigorous, one might argue that having two mandatory arguments is the best style for long-term stability in case the page is moved or translated to some other wiki where where the naming style of pages is different such as where a different alphabet is used for naming pages.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The <code>urlencode</code> parser function can be used to create a template that might be easy-to-use but not perfectly general.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The <code>urlencode</code> function (in the query style) converts to <code>%nn</code> hexadecimal sequences almost all characters (including percent and plus) except alphanumerics and two of the {{IETF RFC|1738}} URL "safe" characters: - . (dash, period), and it converts blank to plus (additionally it encodes all non-ASCII characters as <code>%nn</code> hexadecimal sequences.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The technique of embedding the code fragment <code><nowiki>{{urlencode:{{{userparam|{{PAGENAME}}}))))</nowiki></code> into a template to create an external link URL can be useful (i.e. treating ''simple pagenames as data'').</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A pagename with any of the "three special" pagename characters (which are returned by <code>PAGENAME</code> and similar functions whose result is intended for display on an HTML page) might be a problem.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For example, a ''pagename'' with an ampersand, this would result in an HTML-style ampersand (<code>&amp;amp;</code>) being converted by {{tmpl|0=<code><nowiki>{{URLENCODE|</nowiki>$1<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>|''pagename''}} into to the URL query style <code>%26amp%3B</code> which most remote web site would not handle successfully.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For names with the problematic characters, one could simply not use the template and provide a direct link in the wikisource or by adding appropriate templates or extensions to the wiki to support string manipulations.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A compromise between these two styles is a variation on the above code fragment, such as <code><nowiki>{{{userparam|{{urlencode:{{PAGENAME}}}))))</nowiki></code> where the <code>userparam</code> is optional but when explicitly supplied would have to be search-encoded.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Note that there's '''no''' mediawiki parser function that can successfully decode the HTML-encoding performed by <code>PAGENAME</code>.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As well, there's no function to decode the special encoding performed by PAGENAMEE or found in URL paths to wiki pages.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Parser functions like <code>#ifeq</code> or <code>#ifswitch</code> work because they compare their input by '''only''' HTML-decoding them, but they never URL-decode their parameters.</span>

* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">So to compare pagenames safely with the result of <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki></code> with a specified static name containing one of the three special characters which has not been HTML-encoded (for example the value of a parameter given to a transcluded template in a wiki page), you can first  convert that parameter to the same special encoding performed by <code>PAGENAME</code>, by passing this value as a parameter of the <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME|...}}</nowiki></code> parser function.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can do the same to compare pagenames according to the value of <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE}}</nowiki></code>, or you can use the <code>urlencode</code> function with the supplementary style parameter as {{tmpl|0=<code><nowiki>{{urlencode|</nowiki>$1<nowiki>|WIKI}}</nowiki></code>|''pagename''}}.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Web browser URL and wiki web server HTTP interface ==
</div>
The URL you type in or cut/paste into your web browser URL is similar but not exactly the same as <code>PAGENAMEE</code>.

* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In order to type in a pagename as a URL in your web browser that will go directly to the page, the following two characters must be URL-style encoded while being typed in: <code>% ?</code> as <code>%25 %3F</code>.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A typical example is a pagename that ends in question mark where the wiki editors will create a wiki redirect without the question mark so that it works anyway.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you type in a space in the middle of a URL, you browser will convert it to <code>%20</code> before sending it to any sort of web server.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The same for that double-quote character <code>"</code> which is converted to <code>%22</code>.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Depending on your browser, it may also encode some of the "unsafe" characters such as <code>%&'`</code>.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">See {{IETF RFC|1738}} for details but note that this behavior is browser-dependent.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Compared to browsers that support only http, browsers that support schemes other than http such as ftp tend to convert more of these characters.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">How a URL with percent-encoding is displayed in a web browser's address box depends on whether the wiki web server has used [[w:URL redirection|URL redirection]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The characters of the <code>PAGENAMEE</code> character set will be converted only if they are adjacent to a space.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For instance, if you type in a URL into your web browser ending in <code>A_=_B</code> or <code>A=B</code> then it will send that URL directly and you will get to the wiki page if it exists.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you enter a URL into your web browser ending in <code>A = B</code> (with spaces around the equals sign), then your web browser encodes spaces to <code>%20</code>, and thus sends <code>A%20=%20B</code> to the wiki web server.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The wiki web server, then converts the string to <code>A_%3D_B</code> and sends that back to the wiki web browser via URL redirection.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Now you can see why on a slow Internet link you might see the spaces in a pagename change first to a <code>%20</code> and then to an underscore because your browser does the first conversion and the wiki web server does the second.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can try to see the real URL by copying the URL in the browser and pasting it as text into a simple text editor but you may find that even this technique produces browser-dependent results.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">While not specific to the wiki web server, for [[w:wide character|wide characters]], the browser performs a partial <code>urldecode</code> action on the real URL.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This urldecoding is essential for the usability of wide characters in URLs.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As an example, for an otherwise simple URL ending in a UTF-8 string percent-encoded as <code>%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC</code>, your browser will usually <code>urldecode</code> that part and display it as <code>東京</code> (Unicode U+6771 U+5EAC), which are the two Kanji characters for Tokyo.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This result can apply to both 7-bit and wide characters but is browser-dependent.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For instance if you visit the eight-character pagename of <code>A!*-. ~A</code> as <code><nowiki>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%21%2A%2D%2E%5F%7EA</nowiki></code> you may find that your web browser then displays a URL that has urldecoded none, some or all of the percent-encoded characters and that a cut-and-paste of the browser URL into simple text will include none, some or all of this urldecoding.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">How much of this urldecoding occurs during cut-and-paste is browser-dependent.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Encodings compared ==
</div>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The following table shows the effect of the various supported encodings over the full set of printable ASCII characters (plus SPACE) and on the two first printable Unicode characters after ASCII.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tabulations and other whitespace controls are discussed more completely in the section below about whitespaces, but the table shows some contextual "effects" occurring with possibly dropped spaces and some other characters.</span>

<div style="overflow-x:scroll">
{|class="wikitable" width="100%" style="background:#FFF;text-align:center;font-family:monospace,'Courier New','Courier';font-size:85%"
|-style="background:#FFC;color:#000"
!style="font-family:sans-serif"|
<div scope="row" style="float:right;margin:0;margin-left:.3em;text-align:right"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Characters</span></div>
<div scope="col" style="float:left;margin:0;margin-right:.3em;text-align:left"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Encodings</span></div>
<div style="float:center;margin:0 .3em;text-align:center">\</div>
{{clear}}
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>09AZ-<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>az<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>&nbsp;<nowiki/><!-- we want to display a single space here, but MediaWiki drops it when rendering the page. -->
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>. .<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>. &nbsp;.<nowiki/><!-- we want to display two spaces here, but MediaWiki drops one when rendering the page. -->
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>!<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>"<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>#<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>$<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>%<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>&<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>(<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>)<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>*<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>+<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>,<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|'''<nowiki/>.<nowiki/>'''
|scope="col"|'''<nowiki/>..<nowiki/>'''
|scope="col"|'''<nowiki/>...<nowiki/>'''
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>/<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>:<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>;<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/><<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>=<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>><nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>?<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>@<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>[<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>\<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>]<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>^<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>_<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>`<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>{{(}}<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>{{!}}<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>{{)}}<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>~<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>&nbsp;<nowiki/>
|scope="col"|<nowiki/>¡<nowiki/>
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left"|<code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME:...}}</nowiki></code>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:09AZ-}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:az}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME: }}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:. .}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:.  .}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:!}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>&amp;quot;<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:#}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:$}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:%}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>&amp;amp;<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>&amp;apos;<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:(}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:)}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:*}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:+}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:,}}<nowiki/>
||'''<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:.}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:..}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:...}}<nowiki/>'''
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:/}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME::}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:;}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:<}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:=}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:>}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:?}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:@}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:[}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:\}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:]}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:^}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:_}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:`}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:{{(}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:{{!}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:{{)}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:~}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME: }}<nowiki/><!-- this is a verbatim non-breaking space here, not a regular space -->
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAME:¡}}<nowiki/>
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left"|<code><nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE:...}}</nowiki></code>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:09AZ-}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:az}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE: }}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:. .}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:.  .}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:!}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:"}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:#}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:$}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:%}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:&}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:'}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:(}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:)}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:*}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:+}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:,}}<nowiki/>
||'''<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:.}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:..}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:...}}<nowiki/>'''
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:/}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE::}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:;}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:<}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:=}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:>}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:?}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:@}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:[}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:\}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:]}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:^}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:_}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:`}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:{{(}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:{{!}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:{{)}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:~}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE: }}<nowiki/><!-- this is a verbatim non-breaking space here, not a regular space -->
||<nowiki/>{{PAGENAMEE:¡}}<nowiki/>
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left"|<code><nowiki>{{urlencode:...|WIKI}}</nowiki></code>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:09AZ-|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:az|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode: |WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:. .|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:.  .|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:!|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:"|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:#|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:$|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:%|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:&|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:'|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:(|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:)|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:*|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:+|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:,|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:.|WIKI}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:..|WIKI}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:...|WIKI}}<nowiki/>'''
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:/|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode::|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:;|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:<|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:=|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:>|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:?|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:@|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:[|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:\|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:]|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:^|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:_|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:`|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{(}}|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{!}}|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{)}}|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:~|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode: |WIKI}}<nowiki/><!-- this is a verbatim non-breaking space here, not a regular space -->
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:¡|WIKI}}<nowiki/>
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left"|<code><nowiki>{{urlencode:...|PATH}}</nowiki></code>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:09AZ-|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:az|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode: |PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:. .|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:.  .|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:!|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:"|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:#|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:$|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:%|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:&|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:'|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:(|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:)|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:*|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:+|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:,|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:.|PATH}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:..|PATH}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:...|PATH}}<nowiki/>'''
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:/|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode::|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:;|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:<|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:=|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:>|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:?|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:@|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:[|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:\|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:]|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:^|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:_|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:`|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{(}}|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{!}}|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{)}}|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:~|PATH}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode: |PATH}}<nowiki/><!-- this is a verbatim non-breaking space here, not a regular space -->
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:¡|PATH}}<nowiki/>
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left"|<code><nowiki>{{urlencode:...|QUERY}}</nowiki></code>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:09AZ-|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:az|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode: |QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:. .|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:.  .|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:!|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:"|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:#|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:$|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:%|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:&|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:'|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:(|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:)|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:*|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:+|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:,|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:.|QUERY}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:..|QUERY}}<nowiki/>'''
||'''<nowiki/>{{urlencode:...|QUERY}}<nowiki/>'''
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:/|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode::|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:;|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:<|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:=|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:>|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:?|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:@|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:[|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:\|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:]|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:^|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:_|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:`|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{(}}|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{!}}|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:{{)}}|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:~|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode: |QUERY}}<nowiki/><!-- this is a verbatim non-breaking space here, not a regular space -->
||<nowiki/>{{urlencode:¡|QUERY}}<nowiki/>
|-
!scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left"|<code><nowiki>{{anchorencode:...}}</nowiki></code>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:09AZ-}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:az}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode: }}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:. .}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:.  .}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:!}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:"}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:#}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:$}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:%}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:&}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:'}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:(}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:)}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:*}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:+}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:,}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>'''{{anchorencode:.}}'''<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>'''{{anchorencode:..}}'''<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>'''{{anchorencode:...}}'''<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:/}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode::}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:;}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:<}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:=}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:>}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:?}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:@}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:[}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:\}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:]}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:^}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:_}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:`}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:{{(}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:{{!}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:{{)}}}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:~}}<nowiki/>
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode: }}<nowiki/><!-- this is a verbatim non-breaking space here, not a regular space -->
||<nowiki/>{{anchorencode:¡}}<nowiki/>
|}
</div>

{{Note|1=<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The behaviour of the <nowiki>{{anchorencode:...}}</nowiki> parser function depends on the {{ll|Manual:$wgFragmentMode|$wgFragmentMode}} setting.</span>}}

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">With the various encodings proposed in MediaWiki, it is notable that the only characters that are never transformed (or removed) are the 10 decimal digits, the minus-hyphen (<code>-</code>) and the uppercase Basic Latin letters (<code>A-Z</code> : an initial lowercase letter may be transformed by capitalisation in most wikis except those that preserve the case distinction in page names).</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Note also that namespace names and interwiki prefixes don't have a case-significant letters, and if they are recognized at the beginning of a title, they may be replaced by an incompletely unrelated term, possibly in another language and/or script!</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">So be careful with everything that comes before a colon (<code>:</code>) as the behavior will be specific for each wiki and their own local set of recognized namespace names (or synonyms) and interwiki prefixes (however these local prefixes do not affect what <code>urlencode</code> and <code>anchorencode</code> will return, which is independent of local naming rules for each wiki).</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The two styles <code>PATH</code> and <code>QUERY</code> for <code>urlencode</code> are almost identical, their only difference is that:</span>

* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">the <code>PATH</code> style preserves the tilde (<code>~</code>) but encodes spaces with percent-hex notation (<code>%20</code>).</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It is not used in web URLs, only on local file pathnames for use with Unix-like shells (without needing extra escaping or quotation marks).</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It is not used for URLs using the <code>file:</code> URI scheme.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">the <code>QUERY</code> style encodes the tilde (<code>~</code>) but encodes spaces differently with a plus sign (<code>+</code>).</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It is used in paths of web URLs for better compatibility with common web usages.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Since MediaWiki version 1.17, it is the default encoding style used by <code>urlencode</code> if you don't specify any style, or if you give an unknown or empty style.</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The <code>WIKI</code> style was the default style in MediaWiki before version 1.17; it unfortunately dropped some leading characters —the asterisk (<code>*</code>), colon (<code>:</code>), or semi-colon (<code>;</code>)— causing problems when using it to pass values in query parameters to a remote web API.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Do not use this style except for compatibility with old templates depending on this old behavior to detect these three characters.</span>

<span id="Capitalisation_of_page_names"></span>
== ページ名の大文字化 ==

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Lowercase letters (<code>a-z</code>) are preserved, except at the initial position where they may be converted to uppercase with <code>PAGENAME</code> and <code>PAGENAMEE</code> on wikis that have not disabled this capitalisation.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can see an example of capitalisation in the table above.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Whitespaces in page names and anchors (section headings) ==
</div>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Leading and trailing spaces are dropped, and the remaining spaces in the middle will be trimmed in page names and anchors (but not in URL-encoding):</span>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: A&nbsp;&nbsp;B }}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{PAGENAME: A  B }}</code>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE: A&nbsp;&nbsp;B }}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{PAGENAMEE: A  B }}</code>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{urlencode: A&nbsp;&nbsp;B |WIKI}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{urlencode: A  B |WIKI}}</code>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{urlencode: A&nbsp;&nbsp;B |PATH}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{urlencode: A  B |PATH}}</code>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{urlencode: A&nbsp;&nbsp;B |QUERY}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{urlencode: A  B |QUERY}}</code>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{anchorencode: A&nbsp;&nbsp;B }}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{anchorencode: A  B }}</code>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tabulations and newlines are not accepted in page names, but are preserved in URL-encoding and anchors:</span>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{PAGENAME:A	B}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{PAGENAME:A	B}}</code> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(an empty string, meaning an invalid pagename)</span>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE:A	B}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{PAGENAMEE:A	B}}</code> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(an empty string, meaning an invalid pagename)</span>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{urlencode:A	B|WIKI}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{urlencode:A	B|WIKI}}</code>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{urlencode:A	B|PATH}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{urlencode:A	B|PATH}}</code>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{urlencode:A	B|QUERY}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{urlencode:A	B|QUERY}}</code>
*: <code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{anchorencode:A	B}}</nowiki></code> → <code style="white-space:pre">{{anchorencode:A	B}}</code>

<span id="Colons_in_page_names"></span>
== ページ名に含まれるコロン ==
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The colon (<code>:</code>) is treated specially in page names when it is the first character in the trimmed given name (where it will link to a description page instead of showing  the content of that page when it is one of the special name spaces like "File", "Image", or "Int").</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But <code>PAGENAME</code> will drop this leading colon, along with spaces immediately after that colon:</span>

* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: : Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME: : Example }}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: : Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE: : Example }}</code> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(an empty string, meaning the main namespace of the wiki)</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Otherwise, if the non-empty text before the first colon matches a known local namespace, then this name space and the colon will be dropped, along with spaces immediately after that colon (the dropped namespace will be trimmed and returned by <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE:...}}</nowiki></code>):</span>

* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: File : Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME:File : Example}}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: File : Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE:File : Example}}</code>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Otherwise, if the non-empty text before the first colon matched a known interwiki prefix, then this prefix and that colon are dropped, along with spaces immediately after that colon, but an empty namespace will be returned:</span>

* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: mw:Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME: mw:Example }}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: mw:Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE: mw:Example }}</code>
* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: mw: Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME: mw : Example }}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: mw: Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE: mw : Example }}</code>
* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: w:fr:Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME: w:fr:Example }}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: w:fr:Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE: w:fr:Example }}</code>
* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: w: fr: Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME: w: fr: Example }}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: w: fr: Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE: w: fr: Example }}</code>
* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: m: w: fr: Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME: m: w: fr: Example }}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: m: w: fr: Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE: m: w: fr: Example }}</code>
* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: m : w : fr : Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME: m : w : fr : Example }}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: m : w : fr : Example }}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE: m : w : fr : Example }}</code>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Otherwise, the colons are kept, even of the text before the first colon could be a valid interwiki prefix (containing only letters without case distinction, or digits, or minus-hyphens and dashes, spaces or underscores; not restricted to be ASCII only):</span>

* <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME: Unknown : Example}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{PAGENAME: Unknown : Example }}</code>
*: <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE: Unknown : Example}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{NAMESPACE: Unknown : Example }}</code>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The same rules are applied by <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE:...}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACEE:...}}</nowiki></code> before they encode their return value.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Colons (and their surrounding spaces as long as they are not leading or trailing spaces) are left intact by <code><nowiki>{{FULLPAGENAME:...}}</nowiki></code>.
</div>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">All colons are left intact by URL-encoding.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But most (not all) colons are preserved by anchor-encoding.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Colons (:) in anchors ===
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Anchor-encoding is bit more tricky: most colons are kept, except when they are at the leading positions, even though a section heading like this one could start by a colon).
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
So for the title of this section, you get
</div>

* <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode: : Colons (:) in anchors}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{anchorencode: : Colons (:) in anchors}}</code>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Note that the colon is unexpectedly converted by inserting a newline before it, as if this the parameter was the content of a wiki source page (causing an indented block to be rendered)!</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The result does not match the identifier that MediaWiki generated for this section heading.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Pipes (|) in anchors ===
</div>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A more critical bug/limitation is observed when the leading character is a pipe (<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>), because it is treated as a parameter separator of <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode:...}}</nowiki></code> (despite the fact that it takes only a single parameter with no extra option):</span>

* <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode: | Pipes (|) in anchors}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{anchorencode: | Pipes (|) in anchors}}</code> - <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">an empty string, so everything after the first pipe in the section heading is discarded!</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A common work-around (using the common utility template {{tlx|!}} to avoid the verbatim pipe returned by this template to be interpreted as a parameter separator):</span>

* <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode: {{!}} Pipes ({{!}}) in anchors}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{anchorencode: {{!}} Pipes ({{!}}) in anchors}}</code>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This works because the expansion of templates is delayed after the parser function name and its parameter(s) in <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode:...}}</nowiki></code> have first been parsed up to the colon, and then (needlessly) separated on pipes: the expansion of templates, which may be present within parameter names or values between the colon and the double closing brace, will occur only when these parameters will be queried by the parser function itself, but this will not change the number or order of these parameters.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The same work-around may be used if you need to pass any of the following:
</div>

* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">two verbatim opening braces (<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code>) by using {{tlx|(}}{{tlx|(}} or {{tlx|((}}</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">two verbatim closing braces (<code><nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>) by using {{tlx|)}}{{tlx|)}} or {{tlx|))}}</span>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Semicolons (<code>;</code>), asterisks (<code>*</code>), or sharp signs (<code>#</code>) in anchors ===
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The same bug does not occur when the first non-blank character (or any further character) of a section heading is a semicolon (<code><nowiki>;</nowiki></code>), an asterisk (<code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>), or even a sharp sign (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>), so these characters are preserved along with the rest of the string:
</div>

* <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode: ; Semicolons (;) in anchors}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{ #tag: nowiki | {{anchorencode: ; Semicolons (;) in anchors}} }}</code>
* <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode: * Asterisks (*) in anchors}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{ #tag: nowiki | {{anchorencode: * Asterisks (*) in anchors}} }}</code>
* <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode: # Sharp signs (#) in anchors}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{ #tag: nowiki | {{anchorencode: # Sharp signs (#) in anchors}} }}</code>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Full stops and slashes in page names ==
</div>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Note that page names are parsed from left to right into (possibly empty) segments (called "title parts") separated by slashes (<code>/</code>).</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In some cases the occurrence of segments containing only a single dot (or full stop <code>.</code>) or two dots (<code>..</code>) and will cause the rest of the string to be transformed.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">See {{ll|Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23titleparts|Help:Extension:ParserFunctions}} for details.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Otherwise these dots are left intact by <code><nowiki>{{urlencode:...}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{anchorencode:...}}</nowiki></code>, but slashes may be converted.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Also the sequence of two successive slashes (<code>//</code>) may not be accepted in page names, depending on the configuration of the wiki.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Usually this is an indicator that the name is an URL, when it is preceded by a valid URI scheme (or no URI scheme at all where it means a default <code>http:</code> or <code>https:</code> URI scheme will be used, depending on user's preference).</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">An URI scheme should then contain a colon (<code>:</code>), but MediaWiki currently recognizes only URI schemes where the colon is final, in a restricted list; otherwise.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For example on this wiki,</span>

: <code><nowiki>"{{PAGENAME|//www.mediawiki.org/}}"</nowiki></code> → <code>"{{PAGENAME|//www.mediawiki.org/}}"</code>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">On Wikimedia sites, such as Mediawiki.org, the double slashes are recognized as URIs, and most valid URIs are disallowed as page names (if an URI scheme is present, it could be recognized as a name space it it has been configured, otherwise the page name will fall into the main namespace of the wiki):</span>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Creating a link to these URI-like page names uses:</span>
** {{tmpl|0=<code><nowiki>[[</nowiki>$1{{!}}$2<nowiki>]]</nowiki></code>
|1=''page name in '''double''' brackets''
|2=with optional displayed text
}}
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But links to the effective target of the URI uses either of the following:</span>
** {{tmpl|0=<code><nowiki>[</nowiki>$1&nbsp;$2<nowiki>]</nowiki></code>
|1=''URL-without-spaces-in-'''single'''-brackets''
|2=with optional displayed text
}}
** <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''URI-without-spaces'' (also displayed show verbatim, but the link will be conditionally activated as it is  subject to restrictions of recognized URI schemes).</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">So on this wiki on mediawiki.org, the following code unexpectedly creates a direct link to the external URL, surrounded by verbatim single brackets:</span>

: <tvar name=1><code><nowiki>[[//www.mediawiki.org/|www.mediawiki.org]]</nowiki></code> → <code>[[//www.mediawiki.org/|www.mediawiki.org]]</code>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">URIs are not recognized by URL-encoding and anchor-encoding (this means that valid full URLs cannot be safely created with <code>urlencode</code>!).</span>

[[Category:MediaWiki code{{#translation:}}]]